综合气象因素对广西电力负荷的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

钟利华  李勇  叶殿秀  张强  况雪源  张宇平 《气象》2008,34(5):31-37

针对电网负荷易受多种气象因素影响的特点,为综合衡量气象因素对广西电力负荷的影响,引入了气象学指数--有效温度,分析了4-10月气温、相对湿度、风及有效气温对电力负荷的影响.结果表明:气温与电力负荷呈显著的正相关关系,气温是影响电力负荷的主要因子;夏季以气温和风速、气温和相对湿度组合的变化对负荷的影响较大,风速从静风到有风时,负荷明显地减少,但当超过一定的温度时,风速越大负荷反而增加;6-9月,负荷随着气温和有效温度的升高呈线性增加;在春夏、夏秋季过渡季节,负荷并不完全随着气温的升高而增加,在气温不是太高的阶段,相对湿度增大时,负荷有下降的趋势,当超过一定的温度时,负荷随气温和有效温度的升高而增加.  相似文献   

京津塘高速公路雾气候特征与气象条件分析   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  

田华  王亚伟 《气象》2008,34(1):66-71

利用1954-2002年的北京、天津和塘沽3站的雾日、雾发生时间以及气象观测资料,对京津塘高速公路沿线雾的气候特征以及气象条件进行了分析.结果发现,京津塘沿线多年平均雾日在15～19天.北京、天津两站的雾日年际变化一致.但在多年雾日变化上北京雾日数略呈逐年下降趋势,而天津、塘沽则略呈上升趋势.京津塘公路沿线雾多在凌晨到日出前后生成,在日出后逐渐消失.雾持续时间随时间变化呈指数递减.地面温度、相对湿度、风速等气象要素对京津塘高速公路沿线雾的预报具有较好的指示意义.地面温度在-5～5℃范围内、风速在0～4m·s-1和相对湿度在90%～100%范围里,雾极易发生.  相似文献   

AMIP模式对大气经向质量输送的模拟评估     

赵煜飞  李建平 《气象学报》2009,67(6):983-991

从描述南、北半球间大气经向质量传输的角度人手,考察IPCC第4次评估报告提供的8个AMIP大气环流模式对越赤道质量通量输送的模拟性能。结果表明:NCAR、MPI和UKMO模式模拟出的越赤道整层大气质量通量与观测大体相一致;MIROC3模拟的整层大气质量通量年循环与观测结果相去甚远,尤其在夏季模拟出较强的虚假向北大气质量输送;IAP模拟的整层大气质量通量年循环方向与观测结果在7个月份中相反;把垂直大气分为4层.各模式对700 hPa以下(I_1)和300-70 hPa(I_3)两层质量通量的模拟能力普遍较好;对700-300 hPa层(I_2)质量通量模拟结果偏差较大;除MIROC3外,其余模式基本能够模拟出70-10 hPa(I_4)大气质量通量的季节变化.显然,不仅南、北半球间大气存在质量交换,越过其他纬度同样存在着经向大气质量输送,无论冬季、夏季还是年平均,各模式对越过其他纬度(60°S-60°N)经向大气质量输送的模拟结果与观测差异明显。整体权衡,UKMO_HADGEMl在模拟越赤道大气质量通量方面表现突出,MPI_ECHAM5模式优势较明显;NCAR、GISS和GFDL 3个模式在某些压力层内具有较好的模拟水平;MIROC模式对整层、700-300 hPa层的模拟能力较低,而对700 hPa以下层和300-70 hPa层的模拟水平较高;IAP_FGOALS和CNRM模式在模拟越赤道大气质量通量方面存在一定的不足.  相似文献   

夏季亚洲-太平洋涛动与中国近海热带气旋活动的关系   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

邹燕  赵平 《气象学报》2009,67(5):708-715

采用联合台风警报中心的台风最伟路径资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了夏季亚洲-太平洋涛动(Asian-Pacif-ic Oscillation,简称APO)与东亚近海-西北太平洋大气环流的关系,并进一步探讨了APO与中国近海热带气旋(tropical cy-clone,简称TC)活动的关系.研究表明:(1)夏季APO强弱与同期西北太平洋及中国东部近海TC活动存在密切关系,即在APO强(弱)年,西北太平洋TC活动偏西(东)和偏北(南),中国东部近海TC明显增多(减少);(2)当APO偏强(弱)时,中国东部近海大气环流有(不)利于TC的维持和发展,表现为低层存在异常气旋性(反气旋性)环流,对流层高低层纬向风垂直切变减小(增大),且对流加强(减弱);(3)APO强弱也影响着TC引导气流的方向:在APO强(弱)年,西北太平洋副热带高压(以下简称副高)偏北和偏东(偏南和偏西),副高南侧偏东气流减弱(加强),有利于TC的向西北行或在偏北(南)纬度西行,进入中国东部近海的TC增多(减少);(4)APO强弱也影响着南海-热带西太平洋TC源地上空的大气环流,在APO强(弱)年,南海-热带西太平洋季风槽偏北、偏西(偏南、偏东),热带西太平洋TC活动偏北和偏西(偏南和偏东),有利于进入中国东部近海TC的增多(减少).  相似文献   

利用TRMM卫星资料对人工增雨云系模式云微观场预报能力的检验   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

马占山  刘奇俊  秦琰琰  康志明  延昊 《气象学报》2009,67(2):260-271

文中利用TRMM卫星测雨雷达探测反演的云水、雨水、云冰和降冰4种云参数产品及实况降水资料,对比检验该人工增雨云系业务模式对云微观场和地面降水场的预报能力.结果表明,人工增雨云系模式系统对降水的预报能力要略优于现行业务运行的GRAPES模式;人工增雨云系模式系统能较好地预报云系系统云物理微观量的垂直结构特征,模式预报的微观场与卫星监测吻合较好;在播撒窗区的水平分布上,模式预报的各水凝物分布形势和强中心位置与卫星监测一致,其大小也接近监测值;人工增雨云系模式能较好地预报云的微观场和天气形势场,可作为云系人工增雨条件决策的重要参考依据.  相似文献   

A meteorite crater on Earth formed on September 15, 2007: The Carancas hypervelocity impact     

G. Tancredi  J. Ishitsuka  P. H. Schultz  R. S. Harris  P. Brown  D. O. Revelle  K. Antier  A. Le Pichon  D. Rosales  E. Vidal  M. E. Varela  L. Sánchez  S. Benavente  J. Bojorquez  D. Cabezas  A. Dalmau 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2009,44(12):1967-1984

Abstract— On September 15, 2007, a bright fireball was observed and a big explosion was heard by many inhabitants near the southern shore of Lake Titicaca. In the community of Carancas (Peru), a 13.5 m crater and several fragments of a stony meteorite were found close to the site of the impact. The Carancas event is the first impact crater whose formation was directly observed by several witnesses as well as the first unambiguous seismic recording of a crater‐forming meteorite impact on Earth. We present several lines of evidence that suggest that the Carancas crater was a hypervelocity impact. An event like this should have not occurred according to the accepted picture of stony meteoroids ablating in the Earth's atmosphere, therefore it challenges our present models of entry dynamics. We discuss alternatives to explain this particular event. This emphasizes the weakness in the pervasive use of “average” parameters (such as tensile strength, fragmentation behavior and ablation behavior) in current modeling efforts. This underscores the need to examine a full range of possible values for these parameters when drawing general conclusions from models about impact processes.  相似文献   

FY-3C/VIRR中红外图像太阳光污染订正     

朱吉彪  胡秀清  杨磊库  徐寒列  徐娜  张鹏 《遥感学报》2021,25(3):803-815

风云三号C星(FY-3C)上搭载的可见光红外扫描辐射计VIRR (Visible and Infra-Red Radiometer)是继承风云一号卫星光学成像仪器,它在高纬度昼夜交替区域附近由于地平线附近太阳光照射,导致仪器扫描镜和其他部件产生杂散光,导致对地观测图像被污染,尤其VIRR中红外第3通道(3.7μm)图像产生了严重条带噪声,影响了后续产品的质量精度和数据应用。本文根据图像条带噪声各向异性的特点,利用单向变分条带去除模型,对VIRR第3通道图像进行条带噪声去除研究,采用噪声去除前后图像行均值曲线与定量评价指标辐射质量改进因子IF (Improvement Factors of Radiometric Quality)和逆变异系数ICV (Inverse Coefficient of Variation)等进行去除结果评价。结果表明,单向变分模型对FY-3C VIRR第3通道观测数据太阳污染条带噪声具有较好的订正效果,实验中,PSNR提升到32.77 dB;在真实数据实验中,IF提升到16.99 dB。  相似文献   

ENA detection in the dayside of Mars: ASPERA-3 NPD statistical study     

A. Mura  S. Orsini  E. Kallio  S. Barabash  A. Grigoriev  H. Andersson  M. Yamauchi  N. Krupp  K. Asamura  C.C. Curtis  B.R. Sandel  M. Grande  J.U. Kozyra  S. McKenna-Lawlor  R. D’Amicis  S. Massetti  P.C. Brandt  R.A. Frahm 《Planetary and Space Science》2008,56(6):840-845

The Analyzer of Space Plasma and EneRgetic Atoms (ASPERA-3) on board Mars Express is designed to study the interaction between the solar wind and the atmosphere of Mars and to characterize the plasma and neutral gas environment in near-Mars space. Neutral Particle Detectors (NPD-1 and 2), which form part of the ASPERA-3 instrument suite, are Energetic Neutral Atom (ENA) detectors which use the time-of-flight (ToF) technique to resolve the energy of detected particles. In the present study, we perform a statistical analysis of NPD ToF data collected between 14 March 2004 and 17 June 2004 when Mars Express was located at the dayside of Mars looking toward the planet. After pre-processing and removal of UV contamination, the ToF spectra were fitted with simple analytical functions so as to derive a set of parameters. The behavior of these parameters, as a function of spacecraft position and attitude, is compared with a model, which describes ENA generation by charge exchange between shocked solar wind protons and extended Martian exosphere. The observations and the model agree well, indicating that the recorded signals are charge-exchanged shocked solar wind.  相似文献   

The Venusian induced magnetosphere: A case study of plasma and magnetic field measurements on the Venus Express mission     

E. Kallio  T.L. Zhang  R. Jarvinen  P. Janhunen  J.-A. Sauvaud  J.-J. Thocaven  H. Andersson  K. Brinkfeldt  M. Holmström  M. Yamauchi  W. Baumjohann  A.J. Coates  D.O. Kataria  K.C. Hsieh  M. Grande  T. Säles  P. Riihelä  N. Krupp  J.G. Luhmann  S. Orsini  A. Mura  M. Maggi  P. Brandt  K. Szego  R.A. Frahm  J.R. Sharber  P. Bochsler 《Planetary and Space Science》2008,56(6):796-801

Plasma and magnetic field measurements made onboard the Venus Express on June 1, 2006, are analyzed and compared with predictions of a global model. It is shown that in the orbit studied, the plasma and magnetic field observations obtained near the North Pole under solar minimum conditions were qualitatively and, in many cases also, quantitatively in agreement with the general picture obtained using a global numerical quasi-neutral hybrid model of the solar wind interaction (HYB-Venus). In instances where the orbit of Venus Express crossed a boundary referred to as the magnetic pileup boundary (MPB), field line tracing supports the suggestion that the MPB separates the region that is magnetically connected to the fluctuating magnetosheath field from a region that is magnetically connected to the induced magnetotail lobes.  相似文献   

Downward atmospheric longwave irradiance under clear and cloudy skies: Measurement and parameterization     

《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2003,65(10):1107-1116

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